Which of the following stds are caused by a virus

Kissinger, Patricia, et al. Tabrizi, Sepehr N. Prevention Workowski, Kimberly A. Hogben, Matthew, et al. Ong, Jason J. Clinical outcomes from a partner study of heterosexual men with NGU. Territo, Heather, and John V. Ekiel, Alicja, et al. Preliminary Study. Nortje, and P. Nortje, R. Esser, and P. Latimer, Rosie L. Testing Hacke, Peter, and Steve Johnston.

Sakurai, Keiichiro, et al. IEEE, Gou, Xianfang, et al. Berghold, J. International Society for Optics and Photonics, Koentopp, Max B. Treatment Dean, Gillian, et al. Dean, Gillian, et al. Solomon, Michelle, et al. Buchanan, Cara, et al. Prevention Das, Breanne B. Esser, M.

Oh, Jaewon, et al. Low, N. Transmission Brunham, Robert C. Gottlieb, and Jorma Paavonen. Butz, Arlene M. Ross, Jonathan, et al. Haggerty, Catherine L. Chen, Justin Z. Charles, et al. Gloster, Hugh Morris, Lauren E. Gebauer, and Rachel L. Durden, Lance A. Bragg, Bradley N. Testing Mana, Nassima, et al.

Standard, I. Australia, Healthdirect. Ly, Tran Duc Anh, et al. Preliminary results. Monsel, Gentiane, and Olivier Chosidow. Shakya, M. Jayraw, and M. Spring, Nicholas, and Garry T. Hodges, Ashley L. Prevention Durden, Lance A. Osterberg, E. Transmission Osterberg, Charles, et al. Kin, Cindy, and Mark Lane Welton. Mehlhorn, Heinz. Salavastru, C. Park, Jebyung, et al. Hewitt, K. Nalabanda, and J.

A mixed methods study in England. Cohen, Philip R. Testing Arlian, Larry G. Thompson, M. Abdel-Latif, Azmy A. Walton, Shelley F. Hahm, J. Kim, and S. Treatment Engelman, Daniel, and Andrew C. Sanders, Kristen M. Aussy, A. Mounsey, Kate E. Ahmad, Hesham M. Prevention May, Philippa J. May, Philippa, et al. Wang, Peihong, et al. Makkar, S. Mara, Duncan. Transmission van der Linden, Naomi, et al. Rihatmadja, Rahadi, et al.

A preliminary survey to predict important factors causing persistent scabies among students of religion-affiliated boarding schools in Indonesia. Kinyanjui, Timothy, et al. Engelman, Daniel, and Andrew Steer. The impact of knowledge, self-efficacy, and stigma on STI testing intention among college students. J Am Coll Health. Unveiling the hidden epidemic: a review of stigma associated with sexually transmissible infections. Sex Health. The Stigma of Sexually Transmitted Infections. Nurs Clin North Am.

Hutchinson P, Dhairyawan R. Shame, stigma, HIV: philosophical reflections. Med Humanit. Cult Health Sex. Shepherd L, Harwood H. The role of STI-related attitudes on screening attendance in young adults. Psychol Health Med. Journal of Health Psychology. Structural stigma and sexual orientation-related reproductive health disparities in a longitudinal cohort study of female adolescents.

J Adolesc. Syphilis References Symptoms Chow, E. Patel, Nupur U. Yao, Xiao, et al. Nyatsanza, Farai, and Craig Tipple. Gevorgyan, Ofelya, et al. Testing Chow, Eric PF, et al. Swartzendruber, Andrea, et al.

Adeyinka, Daniel A. Tipple, Craig, and Graham P. Hall, Brian J. Treatment Stamm, L. Taylor, Melanie M. Antonio, Marilia B. Lawrence, David, et al. Prevention Kidd, Sarah, et al. Chesson, Harrell W. Kroeger, Karen A. Plotzker, Rosalyn E. Murphy, and Juliet E.

Wu, Xiaobing, et al. Transmission Stahlman, Shauna, et al. Stoltey, Juliet E. Gumel, Abba, et al. Ahady, Mohammad Taghi, et al.

Sobel, Jack D. August 19 Graves, Keonte J. Jamshidi, Ali. Testing Postenrieder, Nikki R. Muzny, Christina A. Natoli, Lisa, et al. Liu, Eugene W. Rosenberger, Kelly D. Treatment Kissinger, Patricia, et al. Howe, Katharine, and Patricia Kissinger. Kissinger, Patricia. Evan Secor. Holmes, K. Khurana, Sumeeta, and Shreya Singh. Springer, Singapore, Bruni, Mirian Pinheiro, et al. Meites, Elissa, et al. Paavonen, Jorma, and Robert C. Mitchell, C. Hillier, Sharon, et al.

Sanguinetti, Maurizio, et al. Van Schalkwyk, Julie, et al. Johnston, Christine, et al. Khan, Shahla. Vezzani, Cristina, et al. Vieira-Baptista, Pedro, et al. Testing Van Der Pol, Barbara, et al. Spreads through sexual contact, as well as through contact with other bodily fluids, such as blood; through shared contaminated needles used for injecting intravenous drugs; and through tattooing and piercing.

Pregnant women with HBV can transmit the virus to their infants during delivery, but a series of vaccinations and a shot of hepatitis B immune globulin for the baby beginning at birth can prevent this transmission. Without vaccination, babies born to women with HBV infection can develop chronic infection, which can lead to serious health problems. These individuals need to take special care not to pass on the virus to their sexual partners, and sexual partners should receive hepatitis B vaccine if they are not already immune.

Most commonly transmitted through sharing needles or exposure to infected blood. Less commonly, it can spread through sexual contact or from mother to fetus during pregnancy and delivery. Can be treated. New medications seem to be more effective and have fewer side effects than previous options. An infection caused by a virus. In most cases, it is spread by mosquitoes, but Zika virus also can be transmitted sexually.

Zika is usually mild, with symptoms lasting for several days to a week after being infected. Research shows that getting Zika during pregnancy can cause birth defects in the developing fetus. In , Zika virus infection was linked to microcephaly—a condition in which the brain and skull are smaller than normal—in newborns, as well as other birth defects. Pregnant women should not travel to areas with Zika.

If you must travel to one of these areas, talk to your health care provider first and strictly follow steps to prevent mosquito bites during your trip. There is currently no specific medication or treatment for Zika infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention maintains a website with the latest information about Zika. Chlamydia — CDC fact sheet. Gonorrhea — CDC fact sheet. HIV transmission. Genital herpes — CDC fact sheet.

Trends in herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 8 , — Marquez, L. A report of three cases and review of intrauterine herpes simplex virus infection. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal , 30, — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64 11 , — Syphilis — CDC fact sheet detailed.

Congenital syphilis — CDC fact sheet. Bacterial vaginosis — CDC fact sheet. Trichomoniasis — CDC fact sheet. Failure of metronidazole to prevent preterm delivery among pregnant women with asymptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis infection. New England Journal of Medicine , , — Hepatitis A questions and answers for the public. Hepatitis B FAQs for the public. Hepatitis C FAQs for the public. Why are sexually transmitted diseases STDs and sexually transmitted infections STIs of particular concern for pregnant women?

Some examples of ways to reduce or eliminate risk of transmission include the following: HIV can be passed from mother to infant during pregnancy before birth, at the time of delivery, or after birth during breastfeeding. Recent research also shows that, for HIV-infected mothers whose immune system is in good health, treatment during breastfeeding virtually eliminates transmission of HIV through breastmilk.

For infections, such as gonorrhea, a pregnant woman and her sexual partner can be treated before the birth, and the infant can be treated at birth to prevent infection. The ointment can prevent blindness from exposure to gonorrhea or chlamydia bacteria during delivery, in case the pregnant woman had an undetected infection. Women who are pregnant or are thinking about getting pregnant are advised not to travel to areas where Zika infection has been reported. Preventing mosquito bites can also reduce the risk for infection and transmission.

STIs during pregnancy can also cause: 2 Miscarriage fetal loss before 20 weeks Ectopic pregnancy when the embryo implants outside of the uterus, usually in a fallopian tube Preterm labor and delivery before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy Low birth weight Birth defects , including blindness, microcephaly, deafness, bone deformities, and intellectual disability Stillbirth fetal loss at or after 20 weeks Illness in the newborn period first month of life Newborn death Health complications in the mother Visit the What infections can affect pregnancy?

Genital herpes. Condoms made from natural membranes are not recommended because they're not effective at preventing STIs. Also, keep in mind that while latex condoms reduce your risk of exposure to most STIs , they provide less protection for STIs involving exposed genital sores, such as HPV or herpes. Also, nonbarrier forms of contraception, such as birth control pills or intrauterine devices IUDs , don't protect against STIs.

Consider using preexposure prophylaxis PrEP. They're emtricitabine plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate Truvada and emtricitabine plus tenofovir alafenamide fumarate Descovy. Your doctor will also test your kidney function before prescribing Truvada and continue to test it every six months.

If you have hepatitis B, you should be evaluated by an infectious disease or liver specialist before beginning therapy. These drugs must be taken every day, exactly as prescribed. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Research suggests that Descovy is similarly effective in reducing the risk of getting HIV from sex.

However, Descovy hasn't been studied in people who have receptive vaginal sex. Using additional prevention, such as condoms, can lower your risk even more and prevent other STIs. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. This content does not have an English version.

This content does not have an Arabic version. More Information STD symptoms. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Adamson PC, et al. The baby may develop:. Antibiotics can easily treat chlamydia.

Read more about chlamydia, including how to prevent, recognize, and treat it. Human papillomavirus HPV is a virus that can be passed from one person to another through intimate skin-to-skin or sexual contact.

There are many different strains of the virus. Some are more dangerous than others. These two strains of HPV account for 70 percent of all cervical cancer cases. However, HPV infections often clear up on their own. If a person contracts HPV, proper testing and screenings can help their doctor assess and manage your risk of complications. Discover the steps you can take to protect yourself against HPV and its potential complications.

The first symptom to appear is a small round sore, known as a chancre. It can develop on your genitals, anus, or mouth. Fortunately, if caught early enough, syphilis is easily treated with antibiotics. However, syphilis infection in a newborn can be fatal.

The earlier syphilis is diagnosed and treated, the less damage it does. Find the information you need to recognize syphilis and stop it in its tracks.

HIV can damage the immune system and raise the risk of contracting other viruses or bacteria and developing certain cancers. For example, the early symptoms can include:. These initial symptoms typically clear within a month or so. From that point onward, a person can carry HIV without developing serious or persistent symptoms for many years.

Other people may develop nonspecific symptoms, such as:. To promote early diagnosis and treatment, the CDC recommends that everyone between the ages of 13 and 64 be tested at least once.

Free and confidential testing can be found in all major cities and many public health clinics. A government tool for finding local testing services is available here. Get the facts you need to protect yourself or your partner from HIV. When that happens, gonorrhea can cause serious health problems in the baby.

Gonorrhea can usually be treated with antibiotics. Learn more about the symptoms, treatment options, and long-term outlook for people with gonorrhea. Like head lice and body lice, they feed on human blood.

A person might also be able to see the lice or their tiny white eggs around the roots of pubic hair. A magnifying glass can help you spot them. If left untreated, pubic lice can be transmitted to other people through skin-to-skin contact or shared clothing, bedding, or towels. Scratched bites can also become infected. If a person has pubic lice, they can use over-the-counter topical treatments and tweezers to remove them from your body. According to the CDC , less than one-third of people with trich develop symptoms.

When symptoms do develop, they may include:. Trich can be treated with antibiotics. Learn how to recognize trich early to get treatment sooner. Herpes is the shortened name for the herpes simplex virus HSV.